Laser beam welding receives technical characteristic and applied territory

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Laser is 20 centuries since, after afterwards nuclear energy, computer, semiconductor, another great invention of the mankind. Laser shows the photon action that needs at energy of two energy level accordingly in energy falls, revulsive the atom in high-energy condition to feebleminded state transition, launch the photon that gives same energy at the same time. The postulate that its produce includes tune of pump riverside source, active medium brace up antrum. Laser provides tropism of in the right way sex of good, monochromatic coherence is good, good with smooth pulse extremely OK narrow characteristic. Laser beam welding receives one of important facets that are application of technology of laser beam machining. The classics of development all previous that laser beam welding receives a technology solid suffers stimulate corporeal → gas to suffer stimulate corporeal → solid to suffer stimulate laser of material, pulse to solder successive laser beam welding receives → , high power of low power → , laminose → is thick, low speed. What laser beam welding receives a technology to be provided alone with its is deep wide than tall, welding line width is small, hot influence area is small, be out of shape small, solder rate is rapid, welding line quality is high, without air hole, can control accurately, focusing spot is small, fixed position precision is tall, yi Shi shows the advantage such as automation, got in all sorts of treatment manufacturing industry height takes seriously. 1 laser beam welding receives technical laser beam welding is the laser with high power focusing bundle for heat source, fused material is formed solder the high accuracy of contact is efficient solder method. Laser technology is used polarizing the beam of light that the light beam that lens reflex laser produces makes its are centered in focusing device to produce tremendous energy, stimulate illuminate of beam of light to be in when high strenth material apparently when, partial light energy will be absorbed by material and change becomes heat energy, make material fused, achieve soldering goal thereby. Want the optical property according to metallic stuff commonly (if reflection is mixed,absorb) with heat property (wait like melting point, hot conductivity, emissivity, fused latent heat) the power density of the laser that will decide to use and arteries and veins are wide etc, to common metal, light intensity absorbs coefficient to be in about class of amount of 105 ～ 109cm-1. If the power density of laser is 109 tile of 105 ～ / Cm2, it is micron amount class in the penetration of metallic surface. To avoid the generation when soldering the metal splatters or pit, want to control laser power density, make metallic surface temperature is maintained around boiling point. To general metal, laser power density often takes 106 tile of 105 ～ / Cm2 left and right sides. 1.

The phyletic laser beam welding that 1 laser beam welding receives a technology receives cent to solder to receive two kinds big with successive laser beam welding for pulse laser. Pulse laser beam welding is special apply to tiny to electronic industry and bearing industry body solder, can realize chip (012mm above) , filmy (a few micron arrive a few micron) , silk and silk (diameter 0102) 012mm) , of sealed seam welding and heterogeneous metal, heterogeneous material solder, like integrated circuit terminal and lead (between thick aluminum foil of the aluminous film that plating of the evaporate on silicon chip has 118Lm and 50Lm) solder, the Tantalum of the klystron in microwave parts of an apparatus piece with molybdenum piece solder, the butt joint of the tinsel such as zero millimeter stainless steel, copper, nickel, Tantalum, one on top of another, cross is received, T word is received, sealing miniature relay, quartz of crust of crystal parts of an apparatus and aviation appearance spare parts solder etc. Successive laser beam welding receives laser of gas of CO2 of main use high-power, agree with to arrive from laminose and accurate solder 50mm is thick board wear solder greatly all sorts of soldering. 1.

The dominant position that 2 laser beam welding accept characteristic laser beam welding of the technology to receive a technology to have basically centers in the following respects: (1) energy density is big and give off extremely rapid, can avoid in high speed treatment fire damage and solder be out of shape, can undertake material of nice spare parts, hot sensitivity is machined. (2) be oxidized not easily by solder material, can solder in atmosphere, do not need aeriform protection or vacuum environment. (3) laser can solder directly to insulating material, it is easier to solder to heterogeneous metal stuff, even can metal and metalloid solder together. (4) laser beam welding receives device not to need to be contacted with workpiece be solderinged. Stimulate beam of light to be able to use illuminator or deflexion prism to be in its any square upsweep or focusing, usable still optical fiber brings his the place that is close to hard to undertake soldering. Laser still can cross transparent material to undertake focusing, the connect that because this can solder,common method is close to hard or the dot receiving solder that cannot find a place for, of the electrode in be like vacuum tube solder. (5) stimulate beam of light to won't bring any wearing away, and can stabilize the job for long. 1.

The place laser that 3 laser beam welding receive a technology to be not worth solders to also be put in inadequacy, include laser and the accessary system cost that are used at stimulating to beam of light is conducted and gather exorbitant, operation cost is very high also, need a large number of high protection gas especially (wait like helium) applied circumstance. Those who stimulate beam of light is close together gather, quantity of heat to workpiece deliver effectively and the advantage such as narrow hot influence area, also brought the difficult problem that contact assembles, very small assembly deviation can be brought about solder the change with bigger condition, very narrow even gap (≤ 0.

1mm) also can cause those who stimulate the blemish of ray radiation coupling and thermal efficiency to reduce. Tall reflectivity material (wait like aluminous, copper) laser solders, if want to reduce reflection, need to optimize laser radiant condition carefully, still need to use coating data when necessary. In the meantime, the thermal conductance of these metals is bigger, soldering higher laser energy density should be used when starting, this can bring about laser to reflex a laser sometimes, cause the damage of optical component thereby. Component part is soldering the assembly in the process deviation causes the reflex that stimulates beam of light to have dangerous sex possibly also. 2 mechanic solder 　 of technical application domain 2.

Laser of application of 1 manufacturing industry spells solder (TailoredBlandLaserWelding) the technology is made in foreign car in receive wide application, according to statistic, 2000 base of the clipping inside global limits board laser spells solder product line to exceed 100, produce per year car component to spell solder base board 70 million, continue to grow with higher rate. Home produces introduce model Passat, buick, also used base of a few clipping Audi to harden compose. Japan replaced glitter to undertake to solder steel rolling coils controlling steel industry with CO2 laser beam welding the join of material, in the research that exceeds thin plate to solder, be like board thick the foil under 100 micron piece, cannot fusion welding, but be able to succeed through having the YAG laser beam welding of weaveform of special output power, indicated the capacious future of laser beam welding. Japan returns the maintenance that developed canaliculus of generator of the steam in using YAG laser beam welding at nuclear reactor successfully first on the world to wait, in home Su Baorong laser beam welding that still had gear wheel receives a technology. 2.

The ceaseless development of domain of 2 pulverous metallurgy as science and technology, on a lot of technology special to material requirement, the material that method of casting of applied smelt metal makes already cannot satisfy need. Because pulverous metallurgy material is had,special function is mixed production advantage, the data of smelt metal casting that the tradition is replacing in manufacturing industry of cutting tool of car, plane, tool is like in certain domain, as the day of pulverous metallurgy material profit grows, the join problem of it and other spare parts appears increasingly outstanding, make the application of pulverous metallurgy material is restricted. In 80 time initial stage, laser beam welding enters pulverous metallurgy material to machine a domain with its distinct advantage, the applied open up that is pulverous metallurgy material new perspective, if use the commonly used drill rod in join of pulverous metallurgy material,the method of solder solders diamond, because combinative strength is low, hot influence area is wide cannot get used to high temperature and strength demand especially tall and cause drill rod makings to fuse fall off, it is OK to use laser beam welding to receive rise solder intensity and high temperature resistant function. 2.

20 centuries of 　 of 3 auto industry 80 time later period, kilowatt class laser applies successfully at industrial production, now laser beam welding receives product line large-scale already appear in automobile manufacturing industry, become one of success with automobile outstanding manufacturing industry. German Ao Di, run quickly, the automobile factory of the Europe such as the Woerwo of the masses, Sweden is early in 20 centuries 80 time take the lead in using laser beam welding to receive roof, automobile body, side frame to wait for Ban gold to solder, 90 time United States general, Ford and Kelaisile the company is guided the car to make unexpectedly, although start later, but development is very rapid. Feiyate is in Italy of component of most armor plate solder laser beam welding was used to receive in assembling, japanese day is produced, this cropland and Feng Tian Motor Corporation are enclothed in production automobile body in used laser beam welding to receive with cut craft, because its performance is good,laser beam welding of excel in steel receives assembly parts in car automobile body in making, use increasingly, according to count of American metal market, to the end of 2002, laser beam welding accepts steel structure use up will achieve 70000t to increase 3 times than 1998. According to auto industry batch the characteristic with high rate of big, automation, laser beam welding receives equipment to develop to direction of type of high-power, multichannel. Undertake in laboratory of state of Sandia of craft respect United States and PrattWitney combination laser beam welding accepts the research that pulverous metal and tinsel add in the process is in, germany not institute of technology of beam of light of Lai plum application received respect of framework of aluminium alloy automobile body to have much research in use laser beam welding, think to add fill beyond to belong to in welding line conduce to eliminate hot crack, rise solder speed, solve tolerancepublic errand problem, the product line of development already was in run quickly the factory of the company throws production. 2.

Laser beam welding of 4 electrons industry is received in electronic industry, wide application received in microelectronics industry especially. Because laser beam welding receives hot effect the area is small heat concentration rapid, thermal stress is low, mixing in integrated circuit consequently of semiconductor device housing in enclosing, show distinct advantage, in development of vacuum parts of an apparatus, laser soldered to also get applied, if molybdenum focusing supports package of filament of annulus, fast hot cathode with stainless steel extremely,wait. Sensor or lukewarm accuse implement medium flexibility thin wall is moire its ply in 0.

05-0.

1mm, use a tradition to solder the method is solved hard, easy solder wears TIG solder, plasma stability is poor, influencing factor is much and use laser beam welding to receive the result very good, receive wide application. 2.

5 other spheres are in other industry, laser beam welding received the home in also increasing to solder in special type material especially gradually to have a lot of research, if be opposite,the laser such as batteries of BT20 titanium alloy, HEl30 alloy, Li-ion solders, company of GlamacoCoswig of manufacturer of German glass machine and IFW joint technology and joint development of material experiment academy gave a kind of laser beam welding that is used at plate glass to receive new technology. CNC Milling