Composite material is spent high than intensity, Gao Bigang with its, can design a gender strong, easily whole shapes wait for an advantage, apply extensively in aviation industry, it is aviation one of material of 4 old structures, already made the mark of type of aviation product replacement. As technical development, the aviation application of composite material is increasingly wide, especially the composite material that large size whole shapes is made increasing. The composite material wainscot of large integration arrives since the meeting better reduce serious effect, promote the whole of the plane efficiency apparently, like range, hang carry etc; Can improve airframe structure intensity and fatigue life, make the integral sex of airframe structure better; Can simplify assemble craft, assemble model frame more simple, amount of fastener, spare parts also decreases greatly. The country is at present explicit army, wainscot of large size composite material already applied in great quantities on civilian machine, wait like wing wainscot, airframe wainscot, shape relevantly the technology is more mature also, realized mechanization, digitlization, the data system that has standardization, design system, craft system and detect system. Home is current the limitation that waits for a respect as a result of material, design and engineering technology ability, composite material major still is in development phase at present, aviation industry dosage is less, on workmanship still be in handiwork basically to shape level, composite material is made basically be one part second bear force structure part, wait like rectification cover and helm face, application of large composite material wainscot is less, the project turns application degree is inferior. Strengthen the research of technology of composite material major so, especially wainscot of large composite material shapes technical research, to promoting the application of composite material, development further, and the development sense of aviation industry is great. Because the main problem of existence is large over all dimension of composite material wainscot big, component much, structure is complex, assemble strict, so its quality assures not easily, shape technology is very sophisticated also. Problem of 1 in-house quality because its over all dimension dimension of bigger, ply bigger, structure is complex, make an in-house quality be controlled not easily so, appear easily statified, loose wait for in-house blemish. 2 form dimension deviation grows joist as a result of its (casing, costal region) wait for package more, structure is complex. Shape in whole make in the process form dimension, grow joist especially (casing, costal region) relative position, control not easily, appear easily deviation of dimension, position, influence follow-up rigs process. Because wainscot of large composite material is made,3 quality stability is differred, its over all dimension big, number of plies working procedure is much, much, production process needs more operation personnel, production cycle to grow, not easy control, factitious element violates place production process big, process repeatability is bad, reason is made quality stability is poorer. The wainscot of large composite material that crucial technology whole shapes is made, be aimed at the main problem of its structure characteristic and existence, the crucial technology that its shape basically has 3 sides: Tool technology, solidify shapes technology, digitlization technology, if pursue,1 is shown. Tool technology tool is composite material is made shape foundation, tool should make sure composite material is made already form dimension, should get used to composite material adequately to make again at the same time shape craft characteristic -- conduct heat, pass pressure etc, so tool technology is the crucial factor that composite material develops, answer material shapes if the watch is shown 1 times,tool asks basically. Wainscot of composite material of classification of 1 tool structure shapes hypostatic type tool and frame type tool include commonly on tool structure. Hypostatic type tool: Use cast and plank to be preform commonly, undertake machining, the tool form of face of production tool shape. This kinds of tool is common intensity quality of face of tall, shape assures good, stability easily, but its weight is great, carry not easily, serve as not easily large shape tool. Frame type tool: For clapboard, lie between casing to build frame, the tool configuration that props up small face plate (see a picture 2) , this structure tool, weight is light, ventilated carry well, easily, but production process is complex, demand of structural design rationality is high. Those who press frame form is different, constant cent is frame type tool clapboard frame structure and profile frame structure. 2 tool structure affects the tool of different configuration, make a case actually what combine composite material part, to composite material shape process can produce distinct effect, add the effect of thermal efficiency and temperature uniformity mediumly to process of solidify of composite material spare parts especially. If particular case expresses 2 to show. Nextpage can see from this, wainscot of large composite material should use frame type tool, can the intensity that give attention to two or morethings assures tool, stiffness; Assure the light, have enough to meet need of tool; A rumor that assures tool is hot (note: If use clapboard type frame, the direction of starting a hole of clapboard, want to agree with the direction of air current loop of autoclave, heat up at a hearsay of tool with benefit) . Solidify shapes technical composite material is made making is a material and the special process that control a synchronism to shape, its shape technology is very sophisticated, especially wainscot of large composite material, its are general dimension ply change is bigger, bigger, solidify shapes the crucial parameter such as the temperature in the process, pressure is controlled not easily, so solidify is versed in art (include to shape beforehand, solidify) it is composite material makes a shaping Chongzhongzhi weigh. 1 shape beforehand in studying composite material controls a production process, craft should undertake shaping beforehand commonly, to wainscot of large composite material, shape beforehand the key that working procedure is control interior quality, size quality. Shape beforehand craft is reduce colophony viscosity to make its have good liquidity through warming up, timely pressurization, its action has 3 sides: (1) the bleb that makes colophony flows to eliminate be mingled with effectively equably, volatilize portion, make spare parts structure thick. (2) use data suction glue will redundant colophony is epispastic, make the ply of the spare parts achieves a requirement. (3) make face of shape of composite material preform neat, the combination of facilitating follow-up, treatment. Among them the control of ply is Chongzhongzhi is weighed, because head first ply slants the over all dimension of spare parts of thick immediate impact, affect follow-up ship-fitter order; The 2nd, slant thick make spare parts weight exceeds bid; The 3rd, can make content of bulk of spare parts fiber is reduced, the mechanical function that causes unit ply composite material drops. Wainscot of large composite material because ply change is big, so more than glue measures each extent distributing not all, want to control each area ply to be in standard limits through attracting glue segment beforehand in controlling a preparation process, this is about to beg us to master further to attracting glue technology beforehand. Material suction glue and the crucial influencing factor that time suction glue is pair of quantities suction glue, if express 3 with the graph 3 are shown. This shows adjusts data suction glue inside certain limits, lengthen sucks rubber time to be able to increase amount suction glue, so of wainscot of large composite material shape beforehand craft should carry an option one proper temperature, time-speed-distance curve, match to suck sub suitably to control ply in each ply area. Can assure better suction so glue effect, melt of resinous of the course in the process shaping beforehand in the meantime flows, pressurization hind eliminates bleb of be mingled with effectively, make its structure thick, shape face is neat. The studies composite material solidify process of 2 solidify craft is the crucial working procedure in composite material production process, it is to pass high temperature, high pressure to make colophony cross-linking polymerization realizes solidify, make pressing plate of composite material layer achieves use status thereby, it is the process that a spare parts and material synchronism fashion, and the option that the pressurization in whole solidify craft chooses is the key in the key. Pressurization dot includes opportunity of pressurization temperature, pressurization. The option that pressurization chooses, it is pressurization temperature above all, pressurization temperature is too low a colophony fluidity is bad, fiber infiltrates not easily equably easy cause defect; Pressurization temperature is exorbitant, colophony group rate grasps pressurization opportunity not easily too quickly. Grasp good pressurization opportunity below the premise of affirmatory pressurization temperature next, pressurization turn is premature a colophony viscosity is low, eduction colophony creates glue of spare parts deficient, hole too much rate is high; Pressurization opportunity passes group of evening criterion colophony rate is high, fluidity difference makes a bleb of easy be mingled with generation is loose, statified wait for blemish. The optimal option that pressurization chooses is colophony by stick sort voice between the intermediate zone to the middle of playing state transition process high. Opportunity of temperature of this and rate-of-rise of air temperature, pressurization, pressurization closely related, different temperature, time-speed-distance curve is having different pressurization place. Often use poor heat at present analyzer and stream change appearance will understand resinous solidify process of reaction process and viscosity change, in actual production law of useful also slide or the law that pull silk determines gel time will understand colophony to be in temperature, the viscosity case that time-speed-distance curve orders individually, if express 4, the watch is shown 5 times. Gel time and pressurization dot have particular corresponding concern, it is a when pressurization dot chooses important and referenced data. Pressurization opportunity leaves in premise of affirmatory pressurization temperature crucial also. And to wainscot of large composite material character, the choice that pressurization nods is more difficult above all because its over all dimension is big, in creating its solidify process plus the influence of the element such as autoclave and mould everywhere temperature not all (if be in when high temperature when 130 ℃ , microtherm is in a likelihood just 110 ℃ ) . Want the relationship of mix up rate-of-rise of air temperature and difference in temperature to solve this one problem, narrow as far as possible below the premise that assures constant rate-of-rise of air temperature difference in temperature, assure to make achieve optimal pressurization opportunity at the same time everywhere. It is again in solidify process to get used to the difference in temperature between area, pressurization temperature should choose one " temperature region " is not a choice one " temperature is nodded " , but the requirement is in this " temperature region " the gel time that each temperature dot colophony inside want to having likeness, similar viscosity, time-speed-distance curve, carry district of the high temperature area of spare parts of give attention to two or morethings of this kind of method, low temperature, make the spare parts has good solidify quality everywhere. 3 shape beforehand, the solidify craft of the harmonious relationship composite material of solidify craft is process of a chemical reaction, its are right two respects compare temperature, time relatively sensitive. Normally in process of large part development we to shaping beforehand craft is guarded quite relatively, sucking glue temperature especially is to take inferior temperature commonly, main concern changes the effect of craft to follow-up solid, not easy the choice at pressurization opportunity. Through experiment and craft test and verify, should transform our craft viewpoint, should pay attention to shape beforehand craft and effect suction glue. If absorb glue effect bad the volatilization in its preform portion, gas cannot eliminate effectively, so in solidify process hidden trouble is compared big, the choice of solidify craft particularly strict, its are told on some kind of meaning pressurization window scope is less. And conversely if shape beforehand craft effect is ideal, the volatilization in preform portion, gas eliminates effectively, the structure is thick, so the machine rate that the problem appears in solidify process is minor, solidify craft compares good control relatively, so not sensitive to pressurization opportunity, especially in advance pressurization is not big to influence of quality of spare parts solidify, widened however instead on certain level pressurization window, if pursue,4 are shown. Nextpage this shows is large composite material wainscot its solidify shapes technology is very crucial, include to shape beforehand the choice of parameter, solidify parameter is made, and what shape to change technology with solid beforehand is harmonious. (1) of wainscot of large composite material shape beforehand craft should choose one proper temperature, time-speed-distance curve, match to suck sub suitably to control ply in each ply area. (2) answer to choose proper pressurization temperature and pressurization opportune moment according to the parameter such as time of viscosity, gel in process of solidify of wainscot of large composite material, and the choice answers in solidify process one " pressurization is taken " is not pure " pressurization is nodded " . (3) pay attention to shape beforehand craft and effect suction glue, assist mix up shapes beforehand the relation of craft and solidify craft, widen solidify pressurization window. What digitlization technology applies as composite material is increasingly extensive, composite material shapes the technology also got high speed develops, digitlizing a technology is his one of significant progress direction, the digitlization of composite material is made can solve effectively " quality stability is poor " , " precision is poor " this two big worries the problem that composite material application develops, be aimed at wainscot of large composite material especially, its application advantage is more clear. At present abroad had implemented the design do not have a graph of composite material spare parts, production technology, have more mature software platform, the advanced digitlization technology such as silk of automatic shop belt, automatic shop realized batch application, what realized composite material in the round is handcrafted the change that makes to digitlization. Domestic this side still is in start level, still put in a lot of problems, digitlization application technology is immature still, relevant flow, system is not quite normative still. Because this answers to promote the development that digitlizes production technology into composite material energetically, build perfect composite material to digitlize production technology system. The compose that is platform of software of production technology of composite material digitlization mainly is built; Composite material digitlizes the application of production equipment, get through composite material digitlizes product line, accomplish platform to put up come, equipment is used. The material that 1 composite material digitlizes the compose of platform of production technology software to build composite material spare parts to have its oneself, structure and craft characteristic, make with general metal different, composite material spare parts besides should design expressive form, dimension information, design the information with the peculiar composite material such as outline of expressive lay up, angle and core material even. Early days is based on 2 bitmap paper or CATIA machine adds the three-dimensional digital-to-analogue that module builds, cannot generate lay up data, cannot get used to the application that digitlizes equipment, go against the development that digitlizes a technology. Should use advanced composite material so software of special design, craft undertakes the model is mixed building three-dimensional tag, the application that digitlizes a technology for composite material built software platform. Abroad's more mature, at present more commonly used special software is mixed for FIBERSIM CATIACPD and to it the auxiliary software of form a complete set. Build composite material to digitlize the software platform of production technology through compose, use software of special design, craft to build composite material part three-dimensional digital-to-analogue (project data) , establish production data set, program then, implementation and automatic next makings machine, umbriferous fixed position, automatic shop takes the interface of the digitlization equipment such as machine, for composite material digitlization makes technical application lay next foundations, if pursue,5 are shown. Digitlization of 2 composite material makes technical application build composite material to digitlize the foundation of technical software platform to go up in compose, farther implementation composite material digitlizes the application of production technology, basically show composite material digitlizes the application of production equipment. At present commonly used composite material digitlizes production technology to basically include: Technology of clipping of lay up numerical control, shop folds laser technology of umbriferous fixed position, automatic shop takes a technology to wait. 2. Technology of clipping of numerical control of 1 lay up spreads technology of clipping of layer numerical control, be develop data by what project data set generates composite material lay up, and press material (beforehand dip expects) the angle of fabric width, lay up spreads out data to give to lay up break up, input data equipment of numerical control clipping next, realize the numerical control clipping of composite material lay up thereby. The crucial reference point of clipping of lay up numerical control is: (1) digital-to-analogue of lay up clipping should be Dxf format to use CAD in order to facilitate machine tool identifying is mixed to have an edition. (2) the structure that the clipping line of lay up digital-to-analogue should close continuously for, with preventing clipping the mistake is mixed shake clipping, in order to improve clipping efficiency. (3) clipping line and line of fixed position label want cent to be built in different picture layer, in order to achieve different tool (knife, pen) choose. (4) the composing that optimizes clipping digital-to-analogue in the bandwidth that clipping process wants to press material, in order to raise overall material utilization factor. (5) beforehand dip makings asks to be double-faced diaphragm, and diaphragm and beforehand dip makings joint is close together, in order to facilitate true empty adsorptive solid is held. (6) beforehand dip expects as far as possible open and flat, in order to assure dimension precision. And roll long want as far as possible big, work in order to facilitate continuously, decrease on makings frequency, improve production efficiency. 2.
The laser of 2 lay up is umbriferous laser of lay up of fixed position technology is umbriferous fixed position technology is the format of lattice of three-dimensional information translate into outline of the lay up in spare parts digital-to-analogue and fixed position axes, use laser system pointwise fast scanning thread, fixed position has to lay up in folding a process with be being spread. Technology of umbriferous fixed position basically includes laser 3 respects: Umbriferous data, tool data, measuring projector configures a file. Umbriferous data: Lay up outline reachs the coordinate document of the latticedot matrix format of fixed position axes. Tool data: The shop folds tool to use spare parts digital-to-analogue to undertake designing, use CNC Machining to make. In tool week predestined relationship even installation laser locates target is nodded umbriferously (general not less than 4, the apogee that covers spare parts range, nadir) , the coordinate value that fixed position target nods is tool data namely (fasten in same coordinate with spare parts digital-to-analogue) . Configuration file: It is the file that has restraining to the configuration of umbriferous equipment, function. Be like: The amount of affirmatory measuring projector, umbriferous parameter. Dot of key of pilot of application of technology of umbriferous fixed position is lay up laser: (1) tool data, umbriferous data must be with spare parts digital-to-analogue in same coordinate department, make sure laser is umbriferous the position and be identical of tool shape face. (2) to whole area advocate lay up uses umbriferous axes (axes of costal region, wall) fixed position, to interior child lay up uses fixed position of umbriferous contour line. In order to raise the definition of line of laser fixed position and fixed position precision. (3) the 3 big files that file of tool data, umbriferous data, configuration is umbriferous system application. Should optimize 3 person harmonious relationship configures file set especially. (4) lay up shop is folded want close-grained level, be close to academic ply as far as possible, in order to assure umbriferous position accurate. (5) the shop folds a process in, the shop folds tool to want to have fixed unit, prevent shift. If shift wants to undertake the scanning calibration of tool target dot afresh, in order to assure umbriferous data and the be identical that tool coordinate fastens, what assure umbriferous position then is accurate. 2.
Automatic shop brings technology of machine of band of 3 automatic shops craft is to be on the foundation of digital-to-analogue of composite material design, use software of appropriative process designing (be like: TORLAY) generate numerical control shop to fold a program, through automatic shop belt equipment implementation digitlizes a shop to fold. Realize a process be about to beforehand the numerical control device that dip makings uses much rod, through clipping, heat, boil pressure wait for device, finish beforehand dip makings is in shape the automation shop on tool is folded. Automatic shop takes equipment to take two much to comprise by part of numerical control machine tool and shop commonly. Part of numerical control machine tool: Basically include dragon door, bridge-type two kinds, basically be the shift that realizes a shop to head unit. The shop takes unit part: Basically include to go up makings, clipping, heat, boil pressure, the device such as unreel, main function is implementation beforehand the clipping that dip expects, shop is folded, squeezing ramming. Automatic shop takes key of technical application pilot to nod for: (1) decide structure of composite material spare parts applies to automatic shop to take machine shop to fold above all, include one-way area beforehand the brae angle that curvature of dip makings, curved surface, thickening spends intermediate zone. (2) shape face is folded in the shop of complex structure make or area (if curvature is bigger,wait) when, use as far as possible narrower of bandwidth beforehand dip makings, in order to assure, improve joining together quality. (3) automatic shop takes a course in, tool wants solid to maintain stability, those who assure coordinate department and tool shape face match. Be like occurrence shift to answer new calibration. What apply as composite material is increasingly extensive, composite material shapes the technology also got high speed develops, digitlizing a technology is his one of significant progress direction, the digitlization of composite material is made can solve effectively " quality stability, precision is poor " , " production cost is high " the problem that these puzzle composite material application to develop. Composite material digitlizes production technology research, application, the key is software platform compose is built and digitlization equipment applies. Conclusion (1) the foundation that tool technology is development of wainscot of large composite material, want union to make shape characteristic of craft, structure is reasonable choice tool structure. (2) the key that solidify technology is development of wainscot of large composite material, should combine material craft sex, make a structure, make reasonable shape beforehand craft and solidify craft, and had been coordinated shape beforehand the relation of craft and solidify craft. (3) digitlization technology is the development trend with composite material production fundamental skill, be aimed at advantage of wainscot of large composite material especially apparent. In undertaking wainscot of large composite material develops a process, want to strengthen the application that digitlizes production technology and promotion energetically. CNC Milling