The cut of stone material is machined

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Natural stone material (Nature Stones) : The adornment material of the building, beautiful and natural instinctive quality, gorgeous, durable, luxurious air, ideal of illuminative of contemporary and high-grade building chooses. Natural resources of material of our country stone is very substantial, at present already the granitic reserves of ascertain amounts to one billion two hundred and fifteen million seven hundred and fifty-two thousand one hundred and ninety-two M3, have variety of 150 many design and color, marble reserves is 200 billion M3, have variety of 390 many design and color, its resource reserves and beautiful lubricious breed take world first place. Stone material treatment gives priority to Xiang Ping by flat plate products develops the material of much breed stone such as body of face plate material, cylinder, polyhedron, curved surface, carving. Use the chisel and cold chisel tradition that undertakes abrade manual means processes stone material flaking mixing to machine a method, having long history, but dust and labor strength are great, work efficiency is low, dimension precision and exterior quality are poorer. From this century 70 time up to now, manufacture an equipment of all sorts of material of special machining stone in succession, if diamond rope curiums, diamond curiums cut machine, vertical engraving tool, muti_function CNC Machining center, its work efficiency exceeded manual treatment greatly, and realized the industrialized batch production of stone material. 1. Diamond curiums cut machine treatment diamond to curium cut a tool (Diamond Sawing Tools) : Cutting function and fight abrasiveness can advantageous, get applied extensively in a lot of industry such as stone material, but diamond curiums a cost is higher, its service life affects the finished cost of stone material directly. Accordingly, curium in right choice piece while, should use curium reasonably cut craft parameter, curium in order to rise a service life and cut efficiency. (1) diamond curiums piece wear away diamond curiums piece (the abrasiveness of Diamond Blade) can be report curiums cut craft parameter rationality, curium cut material of tool function, stone to be able to curium one of main index that cut processability. The diamond wear process of the model is: Diamond gives blade → to achieve diamond of → of abrasion of bond of broken → of working height → to give blade → to grind a broken → to grind bead to fall off completely again. In the wear process of bead of King Kong stone mill, the small local and broken, broken process that has ceaselessly makes new cutting blade ceaseless generation, curium piece be in sharp cutting position, cutting efficiency is tall, cutting power is used up reduce, but curium a service life reduce; And of diamond grind ceaselessly gentle polishing, can make cutting blade passivation, cutting force increases, cut loss of efficiency, and curium piece service life rises somewhat. (2) curium cut craft parameter to choose to curium in cutting craft parameter, curium cut speed to be opposite curium an abrasiveness can affect the biggest, it basically is curium through causing the change that cuts temperature and mechanical load, bring about what bead of King Kong stone mill produces different pattern to wear away. In low speed area, mechanical load is right curium piece wear away having main effect, increase curium cut rate, odd a ply of cutting of bead of King Kong stone mill and effective cutting area are reduced, accordingly, mechanical load is reduced subsequently, curium a radial wear away reduce, configuration of caustic of King Kong stone mill is made the same score with grinding, fall off give priority to; In high speed area, mechanical load concussion and hot load are right curium piece wear away have conclusive effect, as curium cut rate rise, hot load and action of mechanical load concussion increase, curium piece wear away aggravate, bead of King Kong stone mill is in the majority with broken form. Curium the change that cuts deepness and feed rate basically is to pass the metabolic effect that causes mechanical load to curium an abrasiveness can. Increase curium cut deepness or feed rate, odd ply increases a diamond abrasive cutting subsequently, cutting load increases, curium piece wear away aggravate. In addition, increase curium cut deepness, still can make bead of King Kong stone mill and rock contact arc length increase subsequently, as a result of attrition action, configuration of caustic of King Kong stone mill is made the same score with grinding give priority to, cutting blade becomes blunt, make cutting load increases thereby, curium cut a process to be not stabilized. In identical curium cut rate case, use curium greatly when cutting rate of deepness small feed, diamond grinds the cutting ply of bead to be reduced relatively, cutting way is long, of bead of King Kong stone mill wear away the form is made the same score with heating up what load action brings about to grind give priority to, and the broken number that wear bead decreases; Use small curium when cutting rate of deepness, big feed. The cutting ply of bead of King Kong stone mill increases, cutting way is short, right now, of bead of King Kong stone mill wear away the diamond that the form reachs his to pound action to bring about with mechanical load is broken give priority to. In addition, curium the appearance of an itself, if number of diameter, tine, chamfer is wide,wait, and the material of stone material the choice of qualitative, cooling fluid effect with cut a process to also having main to curiuming. Accordingly, in stone material curium in cutting treatment, need integrated to many sided element consideration, cut the result with obtaining optimal to curium. (3) stone material curiums cut machine treatment method 1) cylinder cuts machine treatment with diamond cylinder machine the columnar face treatment that can have stone capable person, graph 1 cut the structural sketch map of machine for cylinder. Secure waste material in skip 7 on, by feed electric machinery 4 drive feed transmission shaft 3 roll, drive crossbeam 6 make motion of perpendicular direction feed. In the meantime, advocate 2 classics leather belt drives electric machinery diamond cylinder cutting tool 1 make rotate cut moves. Feed electric machinery adopts stepless speed regulation, its speed limits is 0.

9 ～ 9mm/min. Stiffness of cylinder diamond cutting tool is big, treatment precision is good, efficiency is tall. Graph 1 cylinder cuts 2- of cutting tool of cylinder of 1- of chance construction diagram advocate skip of 7- of beam of 6- of pillar of 5- of electric machinery of feed of 4- of guide screw of drive of feed of electric machinery 3- 2) profile modeling cuts machine treatment profile modeling machine the treatment that can have stone material curved surface, graph 2 for its structure diagram. Want curved surface form according to place, make isomorphic model with other material 5, secure in crossbeam 6 on; With curium piece 3 be the same as a diameter lean annulus 4, by example of edge of electric machinery drive 5 compose scale moves, control hydraulic pressure crock 9 fluctuation displacement; Curium in order to drive diamond a main shaft of 3 make perpendicular feed motion. Diamond curiums piece 3 drive by electric machinery, decide cutting moves. Curium piece feed moves, by main shaft transverse feed moves and perpendicular motion synthesizes hydraulic pressure crock. Accordingly, stone material is transverse profile is decided by the appearance place of example. Should profiling annulus completes transverse journey on example hind, drive crossbeam by electric machinery course of 6 edges vertical guide 8 motion, its are fore-and-aft displacement distance is equal to curium a width, have transverse cut again next, repeat afore-mentioned movements to be able to cut the stone material curved surface that requires measure. Profiling is comfortable produce at large quantities of quantities, can cut all sorts of concave and convex curved surface. Graph 2 profile modeling cut 3- of stone of workbench 2- of 1- of chance construction diagram to curium a 4- rely on beam of round of 5- example 6- crock of hydraulic pressure of 9- of fore-and-aft slideway of 7- work station 8- 3) the numerical control machine tool of material of stone of treatment of treatment of numerical control machine tool basically has: Numerical control lathe and CNC Milling. Graph the structural diagram that 3 amount to accuse lathe. Diamond cutting tool is controlled by the computer, can achieve the motion of 3 coordinate direction and reference axis linkage, in order to machine all sorts of different curved surface. Operation personnel can be directly on the screen of the computer, to be being undertaken by the design of treatment stone material modelling sets assorted, press treatment to demonstrate to machine athletic contrail entirely on screen orderly (can undertake clipping, editor is mixed revise) and according to its profile process designing. After according with a requirement, the stone material profile of the design changeover becomes CNC Machining program, in the control system that inputs a machine tool, control system issues displacement and speed statement, in order to control the movement of machine tool servo. Servo adopts roll of guide screw of ball of drive of servo electric machinery, drive tool carrier to complete the exercise of each coordinate direction, realize the treatment of all sorts of curved surface. Precision of treatment of numerical control machine tool is tall, but accordingly finished cost is high also. Graph section of 8- of section of diamond of 7- of beam of motor 6- of bridge of 5- of main shaft of 4- of box of main shaft of 3- of workpiece of 2- of lathe bed of 1- of diagram of structure of lathe of 3 numerical control rises fall slideway 9- section rises fall electric machinery 10- is transverse 13- of wheelhead of 12- of head of section of diamond of 11- of athletic electric machinery is fore-and-aft bridge 2. Diamond rope curiums treatment (1) diamond rope curiums structural diamond the rope curiums (Diamond Wire Saw) cover by stretch balata, carrier metal silk screen, diamond annulus piece and join composition. Its structure is shown 4 times like the graph. Diamond ring piece installation is on wire network, two annulus piece a mat cover with special balata, use protective metal silk screen, make the rope curiums at the same time have taller flexible. Diamond ring piece usable eletroplate diamond grain secures law general to go up in annulus, legal system of usable also agglomeration has. The diamond ring of agglomeration law preparation piece more wear-resisting caustic, have from acute sex, service life is longer. Wire network makes the rope curiums have enough strength. Cooling fluid is offerred in silk screen, make its enter cutting area easily inside, with cooling and lubricant diamond annulus piece, can keep clear of grind bits to make curium cut success. Graph 4 diamond ropes curium diagram (2) the installation diamond that the rope curiums the rope curiums length comes according to need commonly make choice of. Because its are longer, much make it is very much section, the rope curiums is by each the steel that its end panel uses to tighten solid to use between section is covered (or copper is covered) be in charge of threaded coupling, curium the rope Zhang Jin. The rope curiums the external diameter that should check each link before installation makes its size agrees equably, its difference should is less than 0.

2mm, the purpose is to assure to go up endlong each diamond annulus wears away equably. The 1 ～ that the rope curiums overall length should be to need length 1.

5 times, it is advisable on equipment to make its are installed loosely. But want on the other hand as far as possible short, damage with preventing the bounce when the job to make the rope curiums (see a picture 5) . Graph before 5 diamond ropes curium working sketch map is installing a rope to curium, preexistence uses drill of tailor-made drilling tool on mine rock. Bore requirement: Curium in the rope horizontal way aperture is 80mm, perpendicular direction aperture is 34mm. The rope curiums cross aperture and install go up in driving pulley, use Zhang Jin of Zhang Jin annulus next and slow roll, curium when the rope eliminate cutting can begin when bending not to leave work. In treatment of natural stone material, the diameter curiums for the rope of 6mm commonly used go up at table equipment. With large facility cut large stone material, the rope that can choose diametical 16mm curiums. Diamond rope curiums already used successfully in stone material treatment, building, civil engineering, but its defect is the rope curiums for flexible cutting tool, treatment dimension precision is poorer, exterior surface roughness is big. 3. Treatment of high-pressured water efflux uses extrahigh voltage water material of fluidics cut stone, have treatment effect to lead tall, noise low, cut without material of dust pollution, stone seam quality of surface of narrow, treatment to realize the characteristic such as personal computer automata well, easily. At the same time can conveniently cut is different hardness, different the stone material of ply, machine to the abnormity stone material with complex form especially, have care to jump over a gender more. Efflux of extrahigh voltage water (Ultrahigh Pressure Water Jet) treatment facilities basically comprises by the following parts: ① water supply, wait for composition by water pump, electric machinery, cistern, filter, its action is to rise hydraulic to 3MPa, furnish pressure boost system. System of ② pressure boost, below the action of hydraulic pump, will hydraulic add 300 ～ 400MPa by 3MPa. ③ accumulator, its action is the high-pressured water that stockpile measures certainly, when the pulse current that comes from supercharger in order to absorb and job intermittent the impact that cause, assure to successive, steady extrahigh voltage stream is obtained when the job. ④ nozzle and motion control a system, basically use the spray head that gem makes, its diameter occupies stone material hardness and ply choice, general choice 0.

15 ～ 0.

75mm. Use at the same time add abrasive unit, make abrasive and water mix, have cut to stone material jointly. Abrasive uses garnet commonly. The principle of material of stone of water efflux cut is shown 6 times like the graph. When high-pressured water efflux enters mixing chamber, its velocity of flow can achieve sonic 2 ～ 3 times the left and right sides, in abrasive entry point generates very great negative pressure, pump comes from the garnet abrasive in abrasive storehouse. Garnet abrasive produces bigger blow energy below the action of water efflux, classics abrasive nozzle shoots very big to be being produced by surface of treatment stone material wallop, impact strength and the square that shoot velocity of flow to spend become direct ratio. When the compressive strength limit that be achieved when this kind of impact strength and exceeds stone ability, in efflux impact office forms farinose stone material to cut bits, along the athletic way of nozzle of abrasive water efflux, cut is formed on stone material. Graph principles of 6 job of efflux of extrahigh voltage water 1. Superhigh pressure of nozzle of water of abrasive of mixing chamber 5- of 4- of nozzle of water of high pressure of 3- of abrasive of stone material 2- when material of stone of water efflux cut, the choice of cut parameter has main effect to cut quality. When the pressure of abrasive water efflux increases, its velocity of flow increases, the concussion kinetic energy of abrasive increases, the cut deepness of stone material also increases subsequently. Floating rate increases nozzle, ability of cut of abrasive water efflux is reduced. Nozzle target is apart from increase, sex of colonies of abrasive water efflux is reduced, cut ability is reduced. Should choose reasonable cut parameter so in order to improve cut efficiency. CNC Milling